Enter your income and deductions manually to estimate income tax and compare tax regimes. Both regimes are computed on the same figures, with the full slab-by-slab working shown.
Comparing is the default because the deductions you can claim differ between the two, so the same income can produce very different tax.
Affects the basic exemption limit under the old regime, and the section 80D and 80TTB limits. The new regime uses one table for all ages.
Interest and similar income taxed at slab rates. Capital gains and business income are not modelled.
Example incomes
Examples for exploring the calculator, not recommendations.
Each is capped at its statutory limit for the year selected. Anything above the cap is shown as entered and allowed separately, never silently reduced.
80D has separate limits for yourself and for your parents, and each is higher once the person insured is a senior citizen — which is why this is two fields rather than one. The preventive health check-up sub-limit sits inside these caps and is not modelled separately.
Available under both regimes.
No cap is applied here — enter only the amount you are actually eligible for.
Estimate only, produced by the ToolAdda Manual Tax Calculator. Tax laws, slabs, rebates and deductions can change. Verify with the Income Tax Department or a qualified tax professional before filing or making financial decisions.
Indian income tax is assembled in a fixed order, and every step matters. Applying them out of sequence — charging cess before the rebate, for instance — produces a plausible-looking number that is simply wrong.
Taxable income = gross income − standard deduction − eligible deductions
Slab tax = each band taxed at its own rate, added together
After rebate = slab tax − section 87A rebate
After surcharge = after rebate + surcharge, if income crosses a threshold
Final tax = (after surcharge + health & education cess), rounded to the nearest ₹10
Two parallel structures. Neither is universally better — which one produces less tax depends entirely on how much you can actually deduct.
Lower basic exemption and higher slab rates, but Chapter VI-A deductions are available: 80C, 80D, 80CCD(1B), home loan interest on a self-occupied property, 80TTA or 80TTB, and others. The basic exemption also rises with age. It suits people who genuinely claim substantial deductions.
Wider slabs, lower rates and a larger standard deduction, but almost no Chapter VI-A deductions. Employer NPS under 80CCD(2) survives. It suits people who would otherwise claim little, and it is the default regime — you opt out of it rather than into it.
The comparison in the calculator applies each regime's own rules to the same income and deduction entries, which is the only way to answer the question for your situation rather than in the abstract.
An income tax calculator takes the income you earned and the deductions you are entitled to, applies the rules of a particular financial year, and tells you what tax that produces. It is a planning instrument: it answers "what will this cost me?" before the money is committed, and "did I get that right?" after the fact.
The word estimate is doing real work. A calculator sees the figures you type and nothing else. It does not know whether your 80C investments qualify, whether your house property is genuinely self-occupied, whether you have foreign assets to report, or whether your employer has already deducted tax at source. Those determine your actual liability; a calculator determines the arithmetic that follows from your inputs.
The single most important property of a tax calculator is that it tells you which year's rules it used. A tax figure without a financial year attached is meaningless, because slabs, rates, the standard deduction and rebate thresholds all move between Finance Acts. That is why the year selector on this page sits above the inputs rather than buried in advanced settings, and why choosing a year the tool has not been updated for produces a refusal rather than a number.
The sequence is fixed. Start with everything you earned in the financial year across all heads of income. Subtract the standard deduction if you have salary income. Subtract every deduction you are eligible for and have actually made. What is left is taxable income, and it is this figure, not your salary, that the slab rates are applied to.
Apply the slabs progressively — each band taxes only the income falling inside it. Then subtract the section 87A rebate if your taxable income is within its threshold. Add surcharge if your income crosses one of the surcharge thresholds. Add health and education cess on whatever remains. Round to the nearest ten rupees, and that is your liability for the year.
Against that liability sits whatever has already been paid on your behalf: tax deducted at source by your employer or bank, advance tax you paid in instalments, and self-assessment tax. The difference is what you pay or reclaim when you file. This calculator computes the liability, not the balance — it has no way of knowing what has already been deducted.
Taxable income is gross income minus everything you are permitted to subtract. It is the base the rates operate on, and it is almost always meaningfully lower than what you earned.
Two people on identical salaries can have very different taxable incomes, and therefore very different tax bills, purely because one claims deductions and the other does not. Under the old regime that gap can be several lakh rupees. Under the new regime it is much narrower, because most deductions are unavailable — which is precisely the trade the new regime makes.
Taxable income can never go below zero. If your deductions exceed your income, the calculator floors it at nil rather than generating a negative figure or a refund that does not exist.
Gross income is the total of everything you earned before any subtraction — salary, interest, rent, and so on. Taxable income is what remains after the standard deduction and eligible deductions.
The distinction matters in a specific practical way: when someone says "I'm in the 30% bracket", they are describing where their taxable income lands, not their salary. Someone earning ₹15 lakh with substantial deductions may have taxable income well below the top band. This is also why the effective tax rate — final tax over gross income — is always meaningfully lower than the headline slab rate.
Slabs are progressive, and the most persistent misconception in Indian personal finance is that they are not. Crossing into a higher band does not mean your whole income is taxed at the higher rate. Only the portion inside that band is.
Consider taxable income of ₹15,00,000 under the FY 2025–26 new regime. The first ₹4,00,000 is exempt. The next ₹4,00,000 is taxed at 5%, producing ₹20,000. The next ₹4,00,000 at 10% produces ₹40,000. The remaining ₹3,00,000 falls in the 15% band and produces ₹45,000. Total slab tax: ₹1,05,000 — an average of 7% across the whole amount, despite the top applicable rate being 15%.
It follows that earning more never reduces your take-home pay. A raise that pushes you into a higher band is taxed at the higher rate only on the amount above the boundary. The slab breakdown in the calculator shows this band by band, with the amount taxed in each and the tax it produces, so the arithmetic is visible rather than asserted.
Working an example longhand is the fastest way to understand what the calculator is doing. Take a salary of ₹15,00,000 for FY 2025–26 with no other income, and no deductions beyond the automatic ones.
New regime. Gross ₹15,00,000, less the ₹75,000 standard deduction, gives taxable income of ₹14,25,000. Slabs: nil on the first ₹4,00,000; 5% on the next ₹4,00,000 = ₹20,000; 10% on the next ₹4,00,000 = ₹40,000; 15% on the remaining ₹2,25,000 = ₹33,750. Slab tax ₹93,750. Taxable income is above the rebate threshold, so no rebate. No surcharge at this level. Cess at 4% is ₹3,750. Final tax ₹97,500.
Old regime. Gross ₹15,00,000, less the ₹50,000 standard deduction, gives ₹14,50,000. Slabs: nil on ₹2,50,000; 5% on the next ₹2,50,000 = ₹12,500; 20% on the next ₹5,00,000 = ₹1,00,000; 30% on the remaining ₹4,50,000 = ₹1,35,000. Slab tax ₹2,47,500. Cess ₹9,900. Final tax ₹2,57,400.
On these figures the new regime is lower by ₹1,59,900 — but only because no deductions were claimed. Add ₹1,50,000 of 80C, ₹50,000 of 80CCD(1B), ₹25,000 of 80D and ₹2,00,000 of home loan interest, and the old regime's taxable income drops to ₹10,25,000 and its tax to ₹1,24,800. The new regime, unable to use any of them, stays at ₹97,500. The new regime is still lower, but by ₹27,300 rather than ₹1,59,900 — and a somewhat larger deduction load would flip it. That is the whole reason the comparison exists.
A flat deduction from salary income requiring no investment, no receipts and no proof. Its amount differs between the regimes, and it is applied automatically wherever salary income is present.
Two details that calculators frequently get wrong. First, it is a deduction against salary, so it is capped at your salary — if you earn ₹30,000 in salary and ₹10,00,000 in interest, the standard deduction is limited to ₹30,000 and cannot shelter the interest. Second, with no salary income at all there is no standard deduction. This calculator applies both limits.
Because it is automatic rather than elective, it is not offered as a field you fill in. Treating it as a user-entered number invites double counting.
The best-known deduction, covering a broad set of investments and payments under a single combined ceiling: employee provident fund contributions, public provident fund, equity-linked savings schemes, life insurance premiums, principal repayment on a home loan, children's tuition fees, five-year tax-saving deposits, National Savings Certificates and Sukanya Samriddhi among others.
Three things trip people up. The limit is combined across everything in the section, not per instrument — ₹1,50,000 into PPF and ₹1,50,000 into ELSS still yields one capped deduction. Your EPF contribution already counts towards it, which for many salaried people consumes a large share before any voluntary investment. And it is an old-regime deduction only; under the new regime the entry is recorded but allowed at nil.
The calculator shows the amount entered and the amount allowed side by side, so a capped or disallowed figure is visible rather than quietly absorbed.
A deduction for health insurance premiums, and one that a single input box genuinely cannot represent, because it has two independent limits.
One limit covers premiums for yourself, your spouse and dependent children. A separate limit covers premiums for your parents, and it applies whether or not they are dependent on you. Each limit is higher when the person insured is a senior citizen — so a taxpayer under 60 insuring parents over 60 has a lower limit on their own policy and a higher one on their parents'.
That is why this calculator asks for the two premiums separately and asks whether your parents are 60 or over, applying the correct ceiling to each. Preventive health check-up expenditure is deductible within these overall limits rather than in addition to them, and is not modelled as a separate field. Like 80C, this is an old-regime deduction.
Section 80CCD(1B). An additional deduction for National Pension System contributions, over and above 80C. Its ceiling is separate, which makes it one of the few ways to increase deductions once 80C is exhausted. Old regime only.
Section 80CCD(2). Your employer's contribution to your NPS account. Notably, this one does survive into the new regime, making it one of the very few levers available there. It is not a deduction you fund yourself — it depends on your employer offering it.
Home loan interest. Interest on a loan for a self-occupied property is deductible under section 24(b) up to a ceiling. This is interest only; the principal repayment goes into 80C instead. Old regime only, and the treatment differs for let-out property, which this calculator does not model.
Sections 80TTA and 80TTB. 80TTA covers interest on savings accounts up to a modest limit. Once you are a senior citizen it is replaced by 80TTB, which has a much larger limit and covers fixed and recurring deposit interest as well. Selecting your age group switches between them automatically.
Several further deductions exist — 80E for education loan interest, 80G for donations, 80U and 80DD for disability, 80DDB for specified medical treatment — each with its own conditions. Rather than pretend to model eligibility rules this tool does not implement, they are handled through a single uncapped "other Chapter VI-A deductions" field, clearly labelled so you enter only what you are actually entitled to.
The rebate is a reduction in tax, not in income, for taxpayers whose taxable income falls at or below a threshold. Where it applies in full it takes the liability to nil — and because it is applied before cess, it takes the cess to nil as well.
Its behaviour differs sharply between the regimes, and this is where a calculator without a proper rule engine goes wrong. Under the new regime the rebate threshold is much higher and carries marginal relief. Under the old regime the threshold is lower and there is no marginal relief, so it is a genuine cliff: one rupee of taxable income above the threshold and the entire rebate disappears.
Marginal relief is worth understanding. Without it, taxable income one rupee above the new regime's rebate ceiling would attract the full slab tax — a jump of tens of thousands of rupees for one rupee of income. Marginal relief caps the tax at the amount by which income exceeds the threshold. So at ₹12,10,000 of taxable income, where the slab tax would be ₹61,500, the tax is instead capped at ₹10,000 — the excess over ₹12,00,000 — plus 4% cess, giving ₹10,400. The relief tapers off as income rises further, and beyond a point the normal calculation is lower and takes over.
The previous version of this page had no rebate calculation at all. On a ₹12,75,000 salary for FY 2025–26 it would have reported roughly ₹60,000 of tax where the correct answer is nil.
Surcharge is an additional levy charged on the tax, not on income, once total income crosses defined thresholds. The rates step up in bands, and the top rate is capped lower under the new regime than under the old.
Surcharge carries its own marginal relief at every threshold, for the same reason the rebate does: without it, one rupee of extra income at a threshold would trigger a surcharge on the entire tax liability, costing far more than the rupee earned. Marginal relief limits the increase so that crossing a threshold never leaves you worse off. This calculator applies it at each band.
One limitation to be explicit about. Surcharge on certain capital gains and dividend income is capped at a lower rate than on ordinary income. Since this calculator does not model capital gains — they are taxed at their own rates rather than at slab rates — it applies the ordinary surcharge bands throughout. If a material part of your income is capital gains, the figure here will not be right, and the tool says so rather than pretending otherwise.
Cess is charged as a percentage of the tax after rebate and surcharge — on the tax, not on your income. It is the last substantive step before rounding.
The ordering has a consequence worth noticing: because cess comes after the rebate, anyone whose tax is reduced to nil by the rebate pays no cess either. Cess on zero is zero. Calculators that apply cess before the rebate produce a small but stubbornly wrong figure for exactly the taxpayers most likely to be checking.
The final amount is then rounded to the nearest ten rupees under section 288B. It is a small detail, but it is the difference between matching your Form 26AS and not.
Final tax divided by gross income, expressed as a percentage. It is the number that actually describes your tax burden, and it is always lower — usually considerably lower — than your top slab rate.
Two reasons. Deductions have already reduced the base before any rate was applied. And progressive slabs mean only the topmost portion of your income meets the highest rate. Someone with a top applicable rate of 30% may have an effective rate in the low teens.
It is also the right figure for comparing years, comparing regimes, or comparing a raise against its tax cost — precisely because it accounts for everything rather than describing a single band.
Salary income only, no deductions beyond the automatic standard deduction, taxpayer below 60. Every figure below is produced by the same engine that runs the calculator above.
These are examples for a specific year and a specific set of assumptions, not a statement about what you will pay. Change the year, add deductions, or add non-salary income and the picture changes — which is the point of entering your own figures.
A ₹15,00,000 salary under the FY 2024–25 new regime produces ₹1,30,000 of tax. The same salary under FY 2025–26 produces ₹97,500. Nothing about the taxpayer changed; the slabs did.
This is the strongest argument for a year-aware calculator, and against the very common pattern of hard-coding one year's slabs into a page and leaving them there. A calculator that silently applies stale rules does not fail loudly — it produces a confident, plausible, wrong number, and the user has no way to tell.
The rules in this tool are held as versioned configuration with the statute and review date recorded against each year, both shown above the calculator. Where a year has not been configured, the tool refuses rather than substituting another year's slabs.
Applying the top rate to the whole income. The most common error by far. Slabs are progressive; only the portion within a band is taxed at that band's rate.
Using last year's slabs. Rates and thresholds move with each Finance Act. Always check which year a calculator is using.
Claiming old-regime deductions under the new regime. 80C, 80D and most of Chapter VI-A simply do not apply there. Entering them does not reduce new-regime tax, and a calculator that lets them do so is wrong.
Applying cess before the rebate. The rebate comes first. Getting this backwards produces a small non-zero tax for people who owe nothing.
Ignoring marginal relief. Both the rebate and the surcharge carry it where it applies. Without it a calculator shows an impossible cliff at every threshold.
Double counting the standard deduction. It is automatic. Entering it again as a deduction understates your tax.
Forgetting that EPF already fills 80C. Your provident fund contribution counts towards the ceiling before any voluntary investment does.
Treating an estimate as a filing figure. A calculator computes liability from what you type. Your return accounts for TDS already paid, income you may have forgotten, and rules no calculator implements.
Being explicit about the boundary is more useful than implying completeness. This tool does not handle capital gains, which are taxed at their own rates; business or professional income and its associated presumptive schemes; house property income from let-out property; agricultural income and its aggregation rules; foreign income and relief under a tax treaty; relief under section 89 for arrears; clubbing of income; carried-forward losses; alternate minimum tax; or the computation of advance tax instalments and interest under sections 234A, 234B and 234C.
It also does not know what has already been deducted at source. If your only income is salary and interest and your deductions are the common ones, the estimate should be close. Outside that, treat it as an approximation and take the real numbers to a professional.
Every calculation on this page runs in your browser. There is no server, no request and nothing transmitted — the salary, deductions and other figures you enter never leave your device. For a page where people type their actual income, that is worth stating plainly rather than burying.
Nothing financial is stored either. Only the financial year, the regime view and the age group you last chose are remembered, so the tool opens the way you left it. Incomes and deductions are never written to storage.
An income tax calculator estimates your tax liability from the income and deductions you enter, applying the slab rates, rebate, surcharge and cess for a chosen financial year. It is a planning aid, not a filing tool and not tax advice.
Total your income, subtract the standard deduction and any eligible deductions to get taxable income, apply the slab rates progressively, subtract the section 87A rebate if it applies, add surcharge if your income crosses a threshold, then add health and education cess on the result.
Taxable income is what remains after subtracting the standard deduction and every deduction you are eligible for from your gross income. Slab rates are applied to this figure, not to your gross income.
Gross income is everything you earned. Taxable income is what is left after deductions. The gap between them is why two people with identical salaries can pay very different amounts of tax.
The older of the two structures. It has a lower basic exemption limit and higher slab rates, but permits Chapter VI-A deductions such as 80C, 80D and 80CCD(1B) along with home loan interest on a self-occupied property. It also varies the basic exemption by age.
The default structure, with wider slabs, lower rates and a larger standard deduction, but without most Chapter VI-A deductions. Employer NPS contributions under 80CCD(2) remain available. It does not vary the exemption by age.
Enter your income and every deduction you actually claim, then read the comparison table. Both regimes are computed from the same inputs, with each applying only the deductions available under it, so the difference reflects your real position rather than a generic example.
A band of income taxed at a particular rate. Slabs are progressive: only the portion of your income that falls inside a band is taxed at that band's rate. Entering a higher slab never means your whole income is taxed at the higher rate.
Each band taxes only the income falling within it, and the results are added. The slab breakdown on this page shows the amount taxed in each band and the tax it produces, so the arithmetic is visible rather than asserted.
A flat deduction from salary income that requires no proof or investment. It is applied automatically where it is due, differs between the two regimes, and is capped at your salary — it cannot shelter interest or other non-salary income.
A deduction for specified investments and payments such as PPF, EPF, ELSS, life insurance premiums, home loan principal and children's tuition fees, subject to a combined annual ceiling. Available under the old regime only.
A deduction for health insurance premiums. It has separate limits for yourself and family and for your parents, and each limit is higher once the person insured is a senior citizen. This calculator takes the two amounts separately and applies the correct limit to each.
The section 87A rebate reduces your tax to nil if taxable income is at or below a threshold that depends on the year and regime. It reduces tax, not income, and is applied before surcharge and cess.
Where it applies, marginal relief prevents earning one rupee above the rebate threshold from costing tens of thousands in tax: the tax is capped at the amount by which income exceeds the threshold. Not every regime and year carries it, so this calculator applies it only where it is configured.
An additional levy on the tax itself, not on income, that applies once total income crosses defined thresholds. Rates step up in bands, and marginal relief ensures crossing a threshold never costs more in extra tax than the extra income earned.
A percentage charged on the tax after rebate and surcharge — on the tax, not on your income. It is the last thing added before the total is rounded.
Final tax divided by gross income. It is always lower than your top slab rate, because only the topmost portion of your income is taxed at that rate and deductions have already reduced the base.
Yes. Enter annual salary income and the standard deduction is applied automatically. If you also have interest or other taxable income, enter that separately so it is taxed correctly.
Yes — that is what this calculator is for. Each deduction is capped at its statutory limit and the table shows both what you entered and what was actually allowed, so a capped amount is never silently reduced.
Yes, for the years configured in the tool. The year in use, and the date its rules were last reviewed, are shown above the calculator.
Each year's Finance Act can revise slabs, rates, the standard deduction, rebate thresholds and surcharge. That is why the year selector exists and why a calculator without one cannot be trusted.
Nothing is calculated and the tool says the rules are unavailable. It will not fall back to another year's slabs, because a plausible-looking wrong number is worse than no number.
No. Most Chapter VI-A deductions, including 80C, 80D and 80CCD(1B), are unavailable under the new regime. The standard deduction applies, as does the employer NPS contribution under 80CCD(2). The calculator shows entries that are not available rather than hiding them.
Yes. Under the old regime the basic exemption limit is higher for senior citizens and higher again for super senior citizens. The new regime uses one table for everyone. Selecting your age group applies the correct table.
The arithmetic is tested against boundary cases and the statutory values are versioned and dated, but accuracy for your situation depends on the configured rules being current and on your income being of the kinds this tool models. It does not handle capital gains, business income, foreign income, relief under section 89 or clubbing provisions.
No. Capital gains are taxed at their own rates rather than at slab rates, and surcharge on them is capped differently. Entering them as ordinary income would overstate the tax, so they are deliberately not modelled.
Not directly. Those are exemptions computed on your salary structure before taxable salary is arrived at. Work them out separately and enter your taxable salary net of them.
No. It estimates tax for planning. Filing happens on the Income Tax Department's e-filing portal.
No. It computes your liability for the year. What you owe or reclaim at filing is that liability less any tax already deducted at source or paid as advance tax, which the calculator has no way of knowing.
No. It performs arithmetic on figures you supply. It does not determine eligibility, does not recommend a regime and does not account for your full circumstances. Verify with the Income Tax Department or a qualified professional.
No. Every calculation runs in your browser and no request is made. Incomes and deductions are never stored — only the financial year, view and age group you last selected are remembered.
Yes. No sign-up, no limits and no paid tier.
Disclaimer. This calculator provides an estimate based on the financial year, income, deductions and tax rules configured in the tool. Tax laws, slabs, rebates, deductions and other provisions can change, and this tool does not model capital gains, business income, house property income, foreign income, relief under section 89, clubbing provisions or tax already deducted at source. Verify the applicable rules with the official Income Tax Department or a qualified tax professional before making filing or financial decisions. ToolAdda is not affiliated with any government department.